{"id":13579,"date":"2025-10-09T07:50:39","date_gmt":"2025-10-09T07:50:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elitemoldtech.com\/?p=13579"},"modified":"2025-10-10T08:00:26","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T08:00:26","slug":"%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b5-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elitemoldtech.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b5-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 <strong>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/strong> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a <strong>\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635<\/strong>. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628<\/strong> <strong>\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u062d\u062a\u0649 <strong>\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u0634\u0644. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 &lt;a href=&quot;\/ar\/&rdquo;https:\/\/www.astm.org\/&rdquo;\/&quot; rel=&quot;&rdquo;dofollow&rdquo;&quot;&gt;\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629&lt;\/a&gt;\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/elitemoldtech.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a9\/%d8%b5%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%a1\/\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/strong> <\/a>\u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f <strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637<\/strong>. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/strong>\u062d\u064a\u062b <strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642<\/strong>\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Universal_testing_machine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (UTM)<\/a> \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong>. \u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 <strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 23 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u00b1 2 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642<\/strong>\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/strong> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ASTM D1002<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>ASTM D5868<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0640 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b <strong>\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0647\u064a <strong>\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/strong> \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 12.7 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong> \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642<\/strong> \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 0.1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.5 \u0645\u0645. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c<\/strong> \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u0636 <strong>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 24-48 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong> \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong>. \u062a\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 1.3 \u0645\u0645\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 <strong>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628<\/strong> \u0641\u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636<\/strong>. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 <strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a <strong>\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648 <strong>\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03c4 = F \/ A<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u03c4 <strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635<\/strong> \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 <strong>\u0631\u0637\u0644<\/strong>F \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0648A \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 25 \u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 12.7 \u0645\u0645 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 317.5 \u0645\u0645\u00b2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 8,000 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 <strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 25.2 <strong>\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/strong> (3,654 <strong>\u0631\u0637\u0644<\/strong>). \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a <strong>\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/strong> \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629. <strong>\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b <strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 <strong>\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0636\u0639\u0641 <strong>\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 <strong>\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 <strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 <strong>\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637<\/strong> \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u0642\u0634\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 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class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/strong> \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 <strong>\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0640 <strong>\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 <strong>\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/strong> (<strong>FRP<\/strong>) \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 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<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0628 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/strong> \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 -60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 120 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 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\u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 <strong>\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 -40 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064885 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 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\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631. <strong>\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 <strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ASTM D1002<\/strong> \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/strong> <strong>\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f, <strong>\u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ASTM D5868<\/strong> \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/strong> \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ASTM D3165<\/strong> \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0642\u0648\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f. \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 <strong>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 <strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645, <strong>\u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 <strong>\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u00b1 1% \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 50% \u00b1 5% \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 <strong>\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong> \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 <strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0629 180 \u062d\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 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<strong>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0623\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629. <strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0648 <strong>\u0642\u0634\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/strong> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 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<strong>\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 <strong>\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 <strong>\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 <strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a <strong>ASTM<\/strong> \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 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class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u03c4 = F\/A. \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 <strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635<\/strong> \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 <strong>\u0631\u0637\u0644<\/strong>. A <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 8,000 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 317.5 \u0645\u0645\u00b2\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 25.2 <strong>\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 <strong>\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f 23 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u00b1 2 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c <strong>\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0650\u0651\u0642 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0641\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 1-3 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 <strong>\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong>, <strong>\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642, <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 24-48 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641. <strong>\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c<\/strong> \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629, <strong>\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629, <strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643\u060c \u0648 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/strong>. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong>, <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lap shear testing measures how much applied force an adhesive joint can withstand before breaking under shear stress. This standardized method helps engineers evaluate bond strength between materials in manufacturing and quality control. The test works by pulling two substrates in opposite directions until the adhesive fails. Results determine whether bonding materials meet performance requirements [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13579","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elitemoldtech.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13579","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elitemoldtech.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elitemoldtech.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elitemoldtech.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elitemoldtech.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13579"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/elitemoldtech.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13579\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13580,"href":"https:\/\/elitemoldtech.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13579\/revisions\/13580"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elitemoldtech.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elitemoldtech.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13579"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elitemoldtech.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}